Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt

The chronology of the 12th dynasty is the most stable of any period before the New Kingdom. The Ramses Papyrus canon (1290 BC) in Turin gives 213 years (1991–1778 BC). Manetho stated that it was based in Thebes, but from contemporary records it is clear that the first king moved its capital to a new city named "Amenemhat-itj-tawy" ("Amenemhat the Seizer of the Two Lands"), more simply called Itjtawy. The location of Itjtaway has not been found, but is thought to be near theFayyum, probably near the royal graveyards at el-Lisht. Egyptologists consider this dynasty to be the apex of the Middle Kingdom.

The order of its rulers is well known from several sources — two lists recorded at temples in Abydos and one at Saqqara, as well as Manetho's work. A recorded date during the reign of Senusret III can be correlated to the Sothic cycle consequently many events during this dynasty are frequently assigned to a year BC or BCE.

Dynasty XII pharaohs of Egypt

name of King	Horus (Throne) Name	date	Pyramid	Queen(s)
Amenemhat I	Sehetepibre	1991 BC - 1962 BC	Pyramid of Amenemhet I	Queen Neferitatjenen
Senusret I(Sesostris I)	Kheperkare	1971 BC - 1926 BC	Pyramid of Senusret I	Queen Neferu III
Amenemhat II	Nubkhaure	1929 BC - 1895 BC	White Pyramid	Queen Kaneferu Queen Keminub?
Senusret II(Sesostris II)	Khakheperre	1897 BC - 1878 BC	Pyramid atEl-Lahun	QueenKhenemetneferhedjet I Queen Neferet II Queen Itaweret? Queen Khnemet
Senusret III(Sesostris III)	Khakaure	1878 BC - 1839 BC	Pyramid atDahshur	Queen Meretseger Queen Neferthenut QueenKhnemetneferhedjet II Queen Sithathoriunet
Amenemhat III	Nimaatre	1860 BC - 1814 BC	Black Pyramid; Pyramid atHawara	Queen Aat Queen Hetepi QueenKhenemetneferhedjet III
Amenemhat IV	Maakherure	1815 BC - 1806 BC	Southern Mazghuna pyramid(conjectural)
QueenSobekneferu	Sobekkare	1806 BC - 1802 BC	Northern Mazghuna pyramid(conjectural)